Peptides of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2), antibodies against peptides of HIV-2, and methods and kits for detecting HIV-2

ABSTRACT

This invention is directed toward the isolation of a novel retrovirus, the human immune deficiency virus type  2  (HIV-2, previously named LAV-2), from patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) originating from West Africa. This virus is related to HIV-1, the causative agent of AIDS, both by its morphology and by its tropism and in vitro cytopathic effect on CD4 (T4) positive cell lines and lymphocytes. However, preliminary hybridization experiments indicated that there are substantiated differences between the sequences of the two genomes. Furthermore, the proteins of HIV-1 and HIV-2 have different sizes and their serological cross-reactivity is restricted to the major core protein, as the envelope glycoproteins of HIV-2 are not immunoprecipitated by HIV-1 positive sera. Overlapping molecular clones were obtained and the complete nucleotide sequence of the gag and env genes was ascertained. An antigenic envelope polypeptide having the following amino acid sequence was identified: NH 2 -VTAIEKYLEDQARLNSWGCAFRQVC-COOH. The peptide is useful for the detection of HIV-2-specific immunological reagents.

This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 08/468,093, filed Jun. 6, 1995 now U.S. Pat. No. 5,866,319, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 07/754,903, filed Sep. 4, 1991, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,578,715, which is a divisional of application Ser. No. 07/003,764, filed Jan. 16, 1987, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,051,496, which is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 06/933,184, filed Nov. 21, 1986, abandoned, which is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 06/916,080, filed Oct. 6, 1986, abandoned, and a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 06/835,228, filed Mar. 3, 1986, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,839,288, all of which are incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to cloned DNA sequences analogous to the genomic RNA of a virus known as Lymphadenopathy-Associated Virus II (“LAV-II”), a process for the preparation of these cloned DNA sequences, and their use as probes in diagnostic kits. In one embodiment, the invention relates to a cloned DNA sequence analogous to the entire genomic RNA of HIV-2 and its use as a probe. The invention also relates to polypeptides with amino acid sequences encoded by these cloned DNA sequences and the use of these polypeptides in diagnostic kits.

According to recently adopted nomenclature, as reported in Nature, May 1986, a substantially-identical group of retroviruses which has been identified as one causative agent of AIDS are now referred to as Human Immunodeficiency Viruses I (HIV-1). This previously-described group of retroviruses includes Lymphadenopathy-Associated Virus I (LAV-I), Human T-cell Lymphotropic Virus-III (HTLV-III), and AIDS-Related Virus (ARV).

Lymphadenopathy-Associated Virus II has been described in U.S. application Ser. No. 835,228, which was filed Mar. 3, 1986, and is specifically incorporated herein by reference. Because LAV-II is a second, distinct causative agent of AIDS, LAV-II properly is classifiable as a Human Immunodeficiency Virus II (HIV-2). Therefore, “LAV-II” as used hereinafter describes a particular genus of HIV-2 isolates.

While HIV-2 is related to HIV-1 by its morphology, its tropism and its in vitro cytopathic effect on CD4 (T4) positive cell lines and lymphocytes, HIV-2 differs from previously described human retroviruses known to be responsible for AIDS. Moreover, the proteins of HIV-1 and 2 have different sizes and their serological cross-reactivity is restricted mostly to the major core protein, as the envelope glycoproteins of HIV-2 are not immune precipitated by HIV-1-positive sera except in some cases where very faint cross-reactivity can be detected. Since a significant proportion of the HIV infected patients lack antibodies to the major core protein of their infecting virus, it is important to include antigens to both HIV-1 and HIV-2 in an effective serum test for the diagnosis of the infection by these viruses.

HIV-2 was first discovered in the course of serological research on patients native to Guinea-Bissau who exhibited clinical and immunological symptoms of AIDS and from whom sero-negative or weakly sero-positive reactions to tests using an HIV-1 lysate were obtained. Further clinical studies on these patients isolated viruses which were subsequently named “LAV-II.”

One LAV-II isolate, subsequently referred to as LAV-II MIR, was deposited at the Collection Nationale des Cultures de Micro-Organismes (CNCM) at the Institut Pasteur in Paris, France on Dec. 19, 1985 under Accession No. I-502 nd has also been deposited at the British ECA CC under No. 87.001.001 on Jan. 9, 1987. A second LAV-II isolate was deposited at CNCM on Feb. 21, 1986 under Accession No. I-532 and has also been deposited at the British ECA CC under No. 87.001.002 on Jan. 9, 1987. This second isolate has been subsequently referred to as LAV-II ROD. Other isolates deposited at the CNCM on Dec. 19, 1986 are HIV-2 IRMO (No. I-642) and HIV-2 EHO (No. I-643). Several additional isolates have been obtained from West African patients, some of whom have AIDS, others with AIDS-related conditions and others with no AIDS symptoms. All of these viruses have been isolated on normal human lymphocyte cultures and some of them were thereafter propagated on lymphoid tumor cell lines such as CEM and MOLT.

Due to the sero-negative or weak sero-positive results obtained when using kits designed to identify HIV-1 infections in the diagnosis of these new patients with HIV-2 disease, it has been necessary to devise a new diagnostic kit capable of detecting HIV-2 infection, either by itself or in combination with an HIV-1 infection. The present inventors have, through the development of cloned DNA sequences analogous to at least a portion of the genomic RNA of LAV-II ROD viruses, created the materials necessary for the development of such kits.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

As noted previously, the present invention relates to the cloned nucleotide sequences homologous or identical to at least a portion of the genomic RNA of HIV-2 viruses and to polypeptides encoded by the same. The present invention also relates to kits capable of diagnosing an HIV-2 infection.

Thus, a main object of the present invention is to provide a kit capable of diagnosing an infection caused by the HIV-2 virus. This kit may operate by detecting at least a portion of the RNA genome of the HIV-2 virus or the provirus present in the infected cells through hybridization with a DNA probe or it may operate through the immunodiagnostic detection of polypeptides unique to the HIV-2 virus.

Additional objects and advantages of the present invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objects and advantages may be realized and attained by means of the instrumentalities and combinations particularly pointed out in the appended claims.

To achieve these objects and in accordance with the purposes of the present invention, cloned DNA sequences related to the entire genomic RNA of the LAV-II virus are set forth. These sequences are analogous specifically to the entire genome of the LAV-II ROD strain.

To further achieve the objects and in accordance with the purposes of the present invention, a kit capable of diagnosing an HIV-2 infection is described. This kit, in one embodiment, contains the cloned DNA sequences of this invention which are capable of hybridizing to viral RNA or analogous DNA sequences to indicate the presence of an HIV-2 infection. Different diagnostic techniques can be used which include, but are not limited to: (1) Southern blot procedures to identify cellular DNA which may or may not be digested with restriction enzymes; (2) Northern blot techniques to identify RNA extracted from cells; and (3) dot blot techniques, i.e., direct filtration of the sample through an ad hoc membrane such as nitrocellulose or nylon without previous separation on agarose gel. Suitable material for dot blot technique could be obtained from body fluids including, but not limited to, serum and plasma, supernatants from culture cells, or cytoplasmic extracts obtained after cell lysis and removal of membranes and nuclei of the cells by centrifugation as accomplished in the “CYTODOT” procedure as described in a booklet published by Schleicher and Schull.

In an alternate embodiment, the kit contains the poly-peptides created using these cloned DNA sequences. These poly-peptides are capable of reacting with antibodies to the HIV-2 virus present in sera of infected individuals, thus yielding an immunodiagnostic complex.

It is understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the invention as claimed. The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of the specification, illustrate one embodiment of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 generally depicts the nucleotide sequence of a cloned complementary DNA (cDNA) to the genomic RNA of HIV-2. FIG. 1A depicts the genetic organization of HIV-1, position of the HIV-1 HindIII fragment used as a probe to screen the cDNA library, and restriction map of the HIV-2 cDNA clone, E2. FIG. 1B depicts the nucleotide sequence of the 3′ end of the 3′ LTR of HIV-2. The corresponding region of the HIV-1 LTR was aligned using the Wilbur and Lipman algorithm (window: 10; K-tuple: 7; gap penalty: 3) as described by Wilbur and Lipman in Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 80: 726-730 (1983), specifically incorporated herein by reference. The U3-R junction in HIV-1 is indicated and the poly A addition signal and potential TATA promotor regions are boxed. In FIG. 1A, the symbols B, H, Ps and Pv refer to the restriction sites BamHI, HindIII, PstI and PvuII, respectively.

FIG. 2 generally depicts the HIV-2 specificity of the E2 clone. FIGS. 2A and B are line drawings representing Southern Blots of DNA extracted from CEM cells infected with the following isolates; HIV-2_(ROD) (a,c) HIV-2_(DUL) (b,d) and HIV-1_(BRU) (e,f). Blots a,b,f are PstI digested. Blots c,d,e are undigested. FIGS. 2C and D are line drawings representing dot blot hybridization of pelleted virions from CEM cells infected by the HIV-1_(BRU)(1), Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) isolate Mm 142-83 (3), HIV-2_(DUL) (4), HIV-2_(ROD) (5), and, HIV-1_(ELI) (6). Dot 2 is a pellet from an equivalent volume of supernatant from uninfected CEM. Thus, FIGS. 2A and C depict hybridization with the HIV-2 cDNA (E2) and FIGS. 2B and D depict hybridization to an HIV-1 probe consisting of a 9.2 Kb SacI insert from HIV-1_(BRU).

FIG. 3 generally depicts a restriction map of the HIV-2 ROD genome and its homology to HIV-1. FIG. 3A specifically depicts the organization of three recombinant phage lambda clones, ROD 4, ROD 27, and ROD 35. In FIG. 3A, the open boxes represent viral sequences, the LTR are filled, and the dotted boxes represent cellular flanking sequences (not mapped). Only some characteristic restriction enzyme sites are indicated. λROD 27 and λ35 are derived from integrated proviruses while λROD 4 is derived from a circular viral DNA. The portion of the lambda clones that hybridzes to the cDNA E2 is indicated below the maps. A restriction map of the λROD isolate was reconstructed from these three lambda clones. In this map, the restriction sites are identified as follows: B: BamHI; E: EcoRI; H: HindIlI; K: KpnI; Ps: PstI; Pv: PvuII; S: SacI; X: XbaI. R and L are the right and left BamHI arms of the lambda L47.1 vector.

FIG. 3B is a line drawing depicting dots 1-11 which correspond to the single-stranded DNA form of M13 subclones from the HIV-1_(BRU) cloned genome. Their size and position on the HIV-1 genome, determined by sequencing is shown below the figure. Dot 12 is a control containing lambda phage DNA. The dot-blot was hybridized in low stringency conditions as described in Example 1 with the complete lambda λROD 4 clone as a probe, and successively washed in 2×SSC, 0.1% SDS at 25° C. (Tm −42° C.), 1×SSC, 0.1% SDS at 60° C. (Tm −20° C.), and 0.1×SSC, 0.1% SDS at 60° C. (Tm −30° C.) and exposed overnight. A duplicate dot blot was hybridized and washed in stringent conditions (as described in Example 2) with the labelled lambda J19 clone carrying the complete HIV-1_(BRU) genome. HIV-1 and HIV-2 probes were labelled the same specific activity (10⁸ cpm/μg).

FIG. 4 generally depicts the restriction map polymorphism in different HIV-2 isolates and shows comparison of HIV-2 to SIV. FIG. 4A is a line drawing depicting DNA (20 μg per lane) from CEM cells infected by the isolate HIV-2_(DUL) (panel 1) or peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) infected by the isolates HIV-2_(GOM) (panel 2) and HIV-2_(MIR) (panel 3) digested with: EcoRI (a), PstI (b), and HindIII (c). Much less viral DNA was obtained with HIV-2 isolates propagated on PBL. Hybridization and washing were in stringent conditions, as described in Example 2, with 10⁶ cpm/ml. of each of the E2 insert (cDNA) and the 5 kb. HindIII fragment of λROD 4, labelled to 10⁹ cpm/μg.

FIG. 4B is a line drawing depicting DNA from HUT 78 (a human T lymphoid cell line) cells infected with SIV Mm 142-83. The same amounts of DNA and enzymes were used as indicated in panel A. Hybridization was performed with the same probe as in A, but in non-stringent conditions. As described in Example 1 washing was for one hour in 2×SSC, 0.1% SDS at 40° C. (panel 1) and after exposure, the same filter was re-washed in 0.1×SSC, 0.1% SDS at 60° C. (panel 2). The autoradiographs were obtained after over-night exposition with intensifying screens.

FIG. 5 depicts plasmids λROD 27, λROD 35 and λROD 4.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Reference will now be made in detail to the presently preferred embodiments of the invention, which, together with the following examples, serve to explain the principles of the invention.

The genetic structure of the HIV-2 virus has been analyzed by molecular cloning according to the method set forth herein and in the Examples. A restriction map of the genome of this virus is included in FIG. 5. In addition, the partial sequence of a cDNA complementary to the genomic RNA of the virus has been determined. This cDNA sequence information is included in FIG. 1.

Also contained herein is data describing the molecular cloning of the complete 9.5 kb genome of HIV-2, data describing the observation of restriction map polymorphism between different isolates, and an analysis of the relationship between HIV-2 and other human and simian retroviruses. From the totality of these data, diagnostic probes can be discerned and prepared.

Generally, to practice one embodiment of the present invention, a series of filter hybridizations of the HIV-2 RNA genome with probes derived from the complete cloned HIV-1 genome and from the gag and pol genes were conducted. These hybridizations yielded only extremely weak signals even in conditions of very low stringency of hybridization and washing. Thus, it was found to be difficult to assess the amount of HIV-2 viral and proviral DNA in infected cells by Southern blot techniques.

Therefore, a complementary DNA (cDNA) to the HIV-2 genomic RNA initially was cloned in order to provide a specific hybridization probe. To construct this cDNA, an oligo (dT) primed cDNA first-strand was made in a detergent-activated endogenous reaction using HIV-2 reverse transcriptase with virions purified from supernatants of infected CEM cells. The CEM cell line is a lymphoblastoid CD4+ cell line described by G. E. Foley et al. in Cancer 18: 522-529 (1965), specifically incorporated herein by reference. The CEM cells used were infected with the isolate ROD and were continuously producing high amounts of HIV-2.

After second-strand synthesis, the cDNAs were inserted into the TG130 m13 bacteria phage vector. A collection of 10⁴ M13 recombinant phages was obtained and screened in situ with an HIV-1 probe spanning 1.5 kb. of the 3′ end of the LAV_(BRU) isolate (depicted in FIG. 1A). Some 50 positive plaques were detected, purified, and characterized by end sequencing and cross-hybridizing the inserts. This procedure is described in more detail in Example 1 and in FIG. 1.

The different clones were found to be complementary to the 3′ end of a polyadenylated RNA having the AATAAA signal about 20 nucleotides upstream of the poly A tail, as found in the long terminal repeat (LTR) of HIV-1. The LTR region of HIV-1 has been described by S. Wain Hobson et al. in Cell 40: 9-17 (1985), specifically incorporated herein by reference. The portion of the HIV-2 LTR that was sequenced was related only distantly to the homologous domain in HIV-1 as demonstrated in FIG. 1B. Indeed, only about 50% of the nucleotides could be aligned and about a hundred insertions/deletions need to be introduced. In comparison, the homology of the corresponding domains in HIV-1 isolates from USA and Africa is greater than 95% and no insertions or deletions are seen.

The largest insert of this group of M13 clones was a 2 kb. clone designated E2. Clone E2 was used as a probe to demonstrate its HIV-2 specificity in a series of filter hybridization experiments. Firstly, this probe could detect the genomic RNA of HIV-2 but not HIV-1 in stringent conditions as shown in FIGS. 2, C and D. Secondly, positive signals were detected in Southern blots of DNA from cells infected with the ROD isolate as well as other isolates of HIV-2 as shown in FIG. 2, A and FIG. 4, A. No signal was detected with DNA from uninfected cells or HIV-1 infected cells, confirming the exogenous nature of HIV-2. In undigested DNA from HIV-2 infected cells, an approximately 10 kb. species, probably corresponding to linear unintegrated viral DNA, was principally detected along with a species with an apparent size of 6 kb., likely to be the circular form of the viral DNA. Conversely, rehybridization of the same filter with an HIV-1 probe under stringent conditions showed hybridization to HIV-1 infected cells only as depicted in FIG. 2, B.

To isolate the remainder of the genome of HIV-2, a genomic library in lambda phage L47.1 was constructed. Lambda phage L47.1 has been described by W. A. M. Loenen et al. in Gene 10: 249-259 (1980), specifically incorporated herein by reference. The genomic library was constructed with a partial Sau3AI restriction digest of the DNA from the CEM cell line infected with HIV-2_(ROD).

About 2×10⁶ recombinant plaques were screened in situ with labelled insert from the E2 cDNA clone. Ten recombinant phages were detected and plaque purified. Of these phages, three were characterized by restriction mapping and Southern blot hybridization with the E2 insert and probes from its 3′ end (LTR) or 5′ end (envelope), as well as with HIV-1 subgenomic probes. In this instance, HIV-1 probes were used under non-stringent conditions.

A clone carrying a 9.5 kb. insert and derived from a circular viral DNA was identified as containing the complete genome and designated λROD 4. Two other clones, λROD 27 and λROD 35 were derived from integrated proviruses and found to carry an LTR and cellular flanking sequences and a portion of the viral coding sequences as shown in FIG. 3, A.

Fragments of the lambda clones were subcloned into a plasmid vector p UC 18.

Plasmid pROD 27-5′ is derived from λROD 27 and contains the 5′ 2 Kb of the HIV-2 genome and cellular flanking sequences (5′ LTR and 5′ viral coding sequences to the EcoRI site)

Plasmid pROD 4.8 is dervied from λROD 4 and contains the about 5 kb HindIII fragments that is the central part of the HIV-2 genome.

Plasmid pROD 27-5′ and pROD 4.8 inserts overlap.

Plasmid pROD 4.7 contains a HindIII 1.8 Kb fragment from λROD 4. This fragment is located 3′ to the fragment subcloned into pROD 4.8 and contains about 0.8 Kb of viral coding sequences and the part of the lambda phage (λL47.1) left arm located between the BamHl and HindIII cloning sites.

Plasmid pROD 35 contains all the HIV-2 coding sequences 3′ to the EcoRI site, the 3′ LTR and about 4 Kb of cellular flanking sequences.

Plasmid pROD 27-5′ and pROD 35 in E. coli strain HB 101 are deposited respectively under No. I-626 and I-633 at the CNCM, and have also been deposited at the NCIB (British Collection). These plasmids are depicted in FIG. 5. Plasmid pROD 4.7 and pROD 4.8 in E. coli strain TG1 are deposited respectively under No. I-627 and I-628 at the CNCM.

To reconstitute the complete HIV-2 ROD genome, pROD 35 is linearized with EcoRI and the EcoRI insert of pROD 27-5′ is ligated in the correct orientation into this site.

The relationship of HIV-2 to other human and simian retroviruses was surmised from hybridization experiments. The relative homology of the different regions of the HIV-1 and 2 genomes was determined by hybridization of fragments of the cloned HIV-1 genome with the labelled λROD 4 expected to contain the complete HIV-2 genome (FIG. 3, B). Even in very low stringency conditions (Tm −42° C.), the hybridization of HIV-1 and 2 was restricted to a fraction of their genomes, principally the gag gene (dots 1 and 2), the reverse transcriptase domain in pol (dot 3), the end of pol and the Q (or sor) genes (dot 5) and the F gene (or 3′ orf) and 3′ LTR (dot 11). The HIV-1 fragment used to detect the HIV-2 cDNA clones contained the dot 11 subclone, which hybridized well to HIV-2 under non-stringent conditions. Only the signal from dot 5 persisted after stringent washing. The envelope gene, the region of the tat gene and a part of pol thus seemed very divergent. These data, along with the LTR sequence obtained (FIG. 1, B), indicated that HIV-2 is not an envelope variant of HIV-1 as described by Alizon et al., Cell 40:63-74 (1986).

It was observed that HIV-2 is related more closely to the Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) than it is to HIV-1. This correlation has been described by F. Clavel et al. in C.R. Acad. Sci. (Paris) 302: 485-488 (1986) and F. Clavel et al. in Science 233: 343-346 (1986), both of which are specifically incorporated herein by reference. Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (also designated Simian T-cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 3, STLV-3) is a retrovirus first isolated from captive macaques with an AIDS-like disease in the USA. This simian virus has been described by M. D. Daniel et al. in Science 228: 1201-1204 (1985), specifically incorporated herein by reference.

All the SIV proteins, including the envelope, are immune precipitated by sera from HIV-2 infected patients, whereas the serological cross-reactivity of HIV-1 to 2 is restricted to the core proteins. However SIV and HIV-2 can be distinguished by slight differences in the apparent molecular weight of their proteins.

In terms of nucleotide sequence, it also appears that HIV-2 is closely related to SIV. The genomic RNA of SIV can be detected in stringent conditions as shown in FIG. 2, C by HIV-2 probes corresponding to the LTR and 3′ end of the genome (E2) or to the gag or pol genes. Under the same conditions, HIV-1 derived probes do not detect the SIV genome as shown in FIG. 2, D.

In Southern blots of DNA from SIV-infected cells, a restriction pattern clearly different from HIV-2_(ROD) and other isolates is seen. All the bands persist after a stringent washing, even though the signal is considerably weakened, indicating a sequence homology throughout the genomes of HIV-2 and SIV. It has recently been shown that baboons and macaques could be infected experimentally by HIV-2, thereby providing an interesting animal model for the study of the HIV infection and its preventive therapy. Indeed, attempts to infect non-human primates with HIV-1 have been successful only in chimpanzees, which are not a convenient model.

From an initial survey of the restriction maps for certain of the HIV-2 isolates obtained according to the methods described herein, it is already apparent that HIV-2, like HIV-1, undergoes restriction site polymorphism. FIG. 4A depicts examples of such differences for three isolates, all different one from another and from the cloned HIV-2_(ROD). It is very likely that these differences at the nucleotide level are accompanied by variations in the amino-acid sequence of the viral proteins, as evidenced in the case of HIV-1 and described by M. Alizon et al. in Cell 46: 63-74 (1986), specifically incorporated herein by reference. It is also to be expected that the various isolates of HIV-2 will exhibit other minor amino acid heterogeneities. See, for example, Clavel et al., Nature 324 (18):691-695 (1986), specifically incorporated herein by reference.

Further, the chacterization of HIV-2 will also delineate the domain of the envelope glycoprotein that is responsible for the binding of the surface of the target cells and the subsequent internalization of the virus. This interaction was shown to be mediated by the CD4 molecule itself in the case of HIV-1 and similar studies tend to indicate that HIV-2 uses the same receptor. Thus, although there is wide divergence between the env genes of HIV-1 and 2, small homologous domains of the envelopes of the two HIV could represent a candidate receptor binding site. This site could constitute a target for use to raise a protective immune response against this group of retroviruses.

From the data discussed herein, certain nucleotide sequences have been identified which are capable of being used as probes in diagnostic methods to obtain the immunological reagents necessary to diagnose an HIV-2 infection. In particular, these sequences may be used as probes in hybridization reactions with the genetic material of infected patients to indicate whether the RNA of the HIV-2 virus is present in these patient's lymphocytes or whether an analogous DNA is present. In this embodiment, the test methods which may be utilized include Northern blots, Southern blots and dot blots. One particular nucleotide sequence which may be useful as a probe is the combination of the 5 kb. HindIII fragment of ROD 4 and the E2 cDNA used in FIG. 4.

In addition, the genetic sequences of the HIV-2 virus may be used to create the polypeptides encoded by these sequences. Specifically, these polypeptides may be created by expression of the cDNA obtained according to the teachings herein in hosts such as bacteria, yeast or animal cells. These polypeptides may be used in diagnostic tests such as immunofluorescence assays (IFA), radioimmunoassays (RIA) and Western Blot tests.

Moreover, it is also contemplated that additional diagnostic tests, including additional immunodiagnostic tests, may be developed in which the DNA probes or the polypeptides of this invention may serve as one of the diagnostic reagents. The invention described herein includes these additional test methods.

In addition, monoclonal antibodies to these polypeptides or fragments thereof may be created. The monoclonal antibodies may be used in immunodiagnostic tests in an analogous manner as the polypeptides described above.

The polypeptides of the present invention may also be used as immunogenic reagents to induce protection against infection by HIV-2 viruses. In this embodiment, the polypeptides produced by recombinant-DNA techniques would function as vaccine agents.

Also, the polypeptides of this invention may be used in competitive assays to test the ability of various antiviral agents to determine their ability to prevent the virus from fixing on its target.

Thus, it is to be understood that application of the teachings of the present invention to a specific problem or environment will be within the capabilities of one having ordinary skill in the art in light of the teachings contained herein. Examples of the products of the present invention and representative processes for their isolation and manufacture appear above and in the following examples.

EXAMPLES Example 1

Cloning of a cDNA Complementary To Genomic RNA From HIV-2 Virions

HIV-2 virions were purified from 5 liters of supernatant from a culture of the CEM cell line infected with the ROD isolate and a cDNA first strand using oligo (dT) primer was synthesized in detergent activated endogenous reaction on pelleted virus, as described by M. Alizon et al. in Nature, 312: 757-760 (1984), specifically incorporated herein by reference. RNA-cDNA hybrids were purified by phenol-chloroform extraction and ethanol precipitation. The second-strand cDNA was created by the DNA polymerase I/RNAase H method of Sanger et al. described in Proc. Nat'l. Acad. Sci. USA, 74: 5463-5467 (1977), specifically incorporated herein by reference. The double-stranded cDNA was bluntended with T4 DNA polymerase using a commercial cDNA synthesis kit (obtained from Amersham). After attachment of EcoRI linkers (obtained from Pharmacia), EcoRI digestion, and ligation into EcoRI-digested dephosphorylated M13 tg 130 vector (obtained from Amersham), a cDNA library was obtained by transformation of the E. coli TG1 strain. Recombinant plaques (10⁴) were screened in situ on replica filters with the 1.5 kb. HindIII fragment from clone J19, corresponding to the 3′ part of the genome of the LAV_(BRU) isolate of HIV-1, ³²P labelled to a specific activity of 10⁹ cpm/μg. The filters were prehybridized in 5×SSC, 5×Denhardt solution, 25% formamide, and denatured salmon sperm DNA (100 μg/ml.) at 37° C. for 4 hours and hybridized for 16 hours in the same buffer (Tm −42° C.) plus 4×10⁷ cpm of the labelled probe (10⁶ cpm/ml. of hybridization buffer). The washing was done in 5×SSC, 0.1% SDS at 25° C. for 2 hours. 20×SSC is 3M NaCl, 0.3M Na citrate. Positive plaques were purified and single-stranded M13 DNA prepared and end-sequenced according to the method of Sanger et al., supra.

Example 2

Hybridization of DNA From HIV-1 and HIV-2 Infected Cells and RNA From HIV-1 and 2 and SIV Virons With a Probe Derived From an HIV-2 Cloned cDNA

DNA was extracted from infected CEM cells continuously producing HIV-1 or 2. The DNA digested with 20 μg of PstI or undigested, was electrophoresed on a 0.8% agarose gel, and Southern-transferred to nylon membrane. Virion dot-blots were prepared in duplicate, as described by F. Clavel et al. in Science 233: 343-346 (1986), specifically incorporated herein by reference, by pelleting volumes of supernatant corresponding to the same amount of reverse transcriptase activity. Prehybridization was done in 50% formamide, 5×SSC, 5×Denhardt solution, and 100 mg./ml. denatured salmon sperm DNA for 4 hours at 42° C. Hybridization was performed in the same buffer plus 10% Dextran sulphate, and 10⁶ cpm/ml. of the labelled E2 insert (specific activity 10⁹ cpm/μg) for 16 hours at 42° C. Washing was in 0.1×SSC, 0.1% SDS for 2×30 mn. After exposition for 16 hours with intensifying screens, the Southern blot was dehybridized in 0.4 N NaOH, neutralized, and rehybridized in the same conditions to the HIV-1 probe labelled to 10⁹ cpm/μg.

Example 3

Cloning in Lambda Phage of the Complete Provirus DNA of HIV-2

DNA from the HIV-2_(ROD) infected CEM (FIG. 2, lanes a and c) was partially digested with Sau3AI. The 9-15 kb. fraction was selected on a 5-40% sucrose gradient and ligated to BamHI arms of the lambda L47.1 vector. Plaques (2×10⁶) obtained after in vitro packaging and plating on E. coli LA 101 strain were screened in situ with the insert from the E2 cDNA clone. Approximately 10 positive clones were plaque purified and propagated on E. coli C600 rec BC. The ROD 4, 27, and 35 clones were amplified and their DNA characterized by restriction mapping and Southern blotting with the HIV-2 cDNA clone under stringent conditions, and gag-pol probes from HIV-1 used under non stringent conditions.

Example 4

Sequences of the Coding Regions for the Evelope Protein and GAG Product of the ROD HIV-2 Isolate

Additional experimental analysis of the HIV-2 ROD isolate was performed and has yielded the following sequences for the env ar gag sequences. Regions coding for amino acid sequences corresponding to known proteins characterized by apparent molecular weights have been identified within the gag sequence: p. 16 (nucleotides 1-405), p. 26 (406-1155) and p. 12 (1156-1566).

Envelope sequence: Met Met Asn Gln Leu Leu lle Ala Ile Leu Leu Ala Ser Ala Cys ATGATGAATCAGCTGCTTATTGCCATTTTATTAGCTAGTGCTTGC Leu Val Tyr Cys Thr Gln Tyr Val Thr Val Phe Tyr Gly Val Pro TTAGTATATTGCACCCAATATGTAACTGTTTTCTATGGCGTACCC Thr Trp Lys Asn Ala Thr Ile Pro Leu Phe Cys Ala Thr Arg Asn ACGTGGAAAAATGCAACCATTCCCCTCTTTTGTGCAACCAGAAAT          100 Arg Asp Thr Trp Gly Thr Ile Gln Cys Leu Pro Asp Asn Asp Asp AGGGATACTTGGGGAACCATACAGTGGTTGCCTGACAATGATGAT Tyr Gln Glu Ile Thr Leu Asn Val Thr Glu Ala Phe Asp Ala Trp TATCAGGAAATAACTTTGAATGTAACAGAGGCTTTTGATGCATGG                       200 Asn Asn Thr Val Thr Glu Gln Ala Ile Glu Asp Val Trp His Leu AATAATACAGTAACAGAACAAGCAATAGAAGATGTCTGGCATCTA Phe Glu Thr Ser Ile Lys Pro Cys Val Lys Leu Thr Pro Leu Cys TTCGAGACATCAATAAAACCATGTGTGAAACTAACACCTTTATGT                                     300 Val Ala Met Lys Cys Ser Ser Thr GIu Ser Ser Thr Gly Asn Asn GTAGCAATGAAATGCAGCAGCACAGAGAGCAGCACAGGGAACAAC Thr Thr Ser Lys Ser Thr Ser Thr Thr Thr Thr Thr Pro Thr Asp ACAACCTCAAAGAGCACAAGCACAACCACAACCACACCGAGAGAC                                                  400 Gln Glu Gln Glu Ile Ser Glu Asp Thr Pro Cys Ala Arg Ala Asp CAGGAGCAAGAGATAAGTGAGGATACTCCATGCGCACGCGCAGAC Asn Cys Ser Gly Leu Gly Glu Glu Glu Thr Ile Asn Cys Gln Phe AACTGCTCAGGATTGGGAGAGGAAGAAACGATCAATTGCCAGTTC Asn Met Thr Gly Leu Glu Arg Asp Lys Lys Lys Gln Tyr Asn Glu AATATGACAGGATTAGAAAGAGATAAGAAAAAACAGTATAATGAA   500 Thr Trp Tyr Ser Lys Asp Val Val Cys Glu Thr Asn Asn Ser Thr ACATGGTACTCAAAAGATGTGGTTTGTGAGACAAATAATAGCACA Asn Gln Thr Gln Cys Tyr Met Asn His Cys Asn Thr Ser Val Ile AATCAGACCCAGTGTTACATGAACCATTGCAACACATCAGTCATC                 600 Thr Glu Ser Cys Asp Lys His Tyr Trp Asp Ala Ile Arg Phe Arg ACAGAATCATGTGACAAGCACTATTGGGATGCTATAAGGTTTAGA Tyr Cys Ala Pro Pro Gly Tyr Ala Leu Leu Arg Cys Asn Asp Thr TACTGTGCACCACCGGGTTATGCCCTATrAAGATGTAATGATACC                              700 Asn Tyr Ser Gly Phe Ala Pro Asn Cya Ser Lys Val Val Ala Ser AATTATTCAGGCTTUGCACCCAACTGTTCTAAAGTAGTAGCTTCT Thr Cys Thr Arg Met Met Glu Thr GIn Thr Ser Thr Trp Phe Gly ACATGCACCAGGATGATGGAAACGCAAACTTCCACATGGTTTGGC                                           800 Phe Asn Gly Thr Arg Ala Glu Asn Arg Thr Tyr Ile Tyr Trp His TTTAATGGCACTAGAGCAGAGAATAGAACATATATCTATTGGCAT Gly Arg Asp Asn Arg Thr Ile Ile Ser Leu Asn Lys Tyr Tyr Asn GGCAGAGATAATAGAACTATCATCAGCTTAAACAAATATTATAAT                                                         900 Leu Ser Leu His Cys Lys Arg Pro Gly Asn Lys Thr Val Lys Gln CTCAGTTTGCATTGTAAGAGGCCAGGGAATAAGACAGTGAAACAA Ile Met Leu Met Ser Gly His Val Phe His Ser His Tyr Gln Pro ATAATGCTTATGTCAGGACATGTGTTTCACTCCCACTACCAGCCG Ile Asn Lys Arg Pro Arg Gln Ala Trp Cys Trp Phe Lys Gly Lys ATCAATAAAAGACCCAGACAAGCATGGTGCTGGTTGAAAGGCAAA         1000 Trp Lys Asp Ala Met Gln Glu Val Lys Thr Leu Ala Lys His Pro TGGAAAGACGCCATGCAGGAGGTGAAGACCCTTGCAAAACATCCC Arg Tyr Arg Gly Thr Asn Asp Thr Arg Asn Ile Ser Phe Ala Ala AGGTATAGAGGAACCAATGACACAAGGAATATTAGCTTTGCAGCG                      1100 Pro Gly Lys Gly Ser Asp Pro Glu Val Ala Tyr Met Trp Thr Asn CCAGGAAAAGGCTCAGACCCAGAAGTAGCATACATGTGGACTAAC Cys Arg Gly Glu Phe Leu Tyr Cys Asn Met Thr Trp Phe Leu Asn TGCAGAGGAGAGTTTCTCTACTGCAACATGACTTGGTTCCTCAAT                                   1200 Trp Ile Glu Asn Lys Thr His Arg Asn Tyr Ala Pro Cys His Ile TGGATAGAGAATAAGACACACCGCAATTATGCACCGTGCCATATA Lys Gln Ile Ile Asn Thr Trp His Lys Val Gly Arg Asn Val Tyr AAGCAAATAATTAACACATGGCATAAGGTAGGGAGAAATGTATAT                                                 1300 Leu Pro Pro Arg Glu Gly Glu Leu Ser Cys Asn Ser Thr Val Thr TTGCCTCCCAGGGAAGGGGAGCTGTCCTGCAACTCAACAGTAACC Ser Ile Ile Ala Asn Ile Asp Trp Gln Asn Asn Asn Gln Thr Asn AGCATAATTGCTAACATTGACTGGCAAAACAATAATCAGACAAAC Ile Thr Phe Ser Ala Glu Val Ala Glu Leu Tyr Arg Leu Glu Leu ATTACCTTTAGTGCAGAGGTGGCAGAACTATACAGATTGGAGTTG  1400 Gly Asp Tyr Lys Leu Val Glu Ile Thr Pro Ile Gly Phe Ala Pro GGAGATTATAAATTGGTAGAAATAACACCAATTGGCTTCGCACCT Thr Lys Glu Lys Arg Tyr Ser Ser Ala His Gly Arg His Thr Arg ACAAAAGAAAAAAGARACTCCTCTGCTGACGGGAGACATAGAAGA               1500 Gly Val Phe Val Leu Gly Phe Leu Gly Phe Leu Ala Thr Ala Gly GGTGTGTTCGTGCTAGGGTTCTTGGGTTTCTCGCAACAGCAGGT Ser Ala Met Gly Ala Arg Ala Ser Leu Thr Val Ser Ala Gln Ser TCTGCAATGGGCGCTCGAGCGTCCCTGACCGTGTCGGCTCAGTGC                             1600 Arg Thr Leu Leu Ala Gly Ile Val Gln Gln Gln Gln Gln Leu Leu CGGACTTTACTGGCCGGGATAGTGCAGCAACAGGAACAGCTGTTG Asp Val Val Lys Arg Gln Gln Glu Leu Leu Arg Leu Thr Val Trp GACGTGGTCAAGAGACAACAAGAACTGTTGCGACTGACCGTCTGG                                          1700 Gly Thr Lys Asn Leu Gln Ala Arg Val Thr Ala Ile Glu Lys Tyr GGAACGAAAAACCTCCAGGCAAGAGTCACTGCTATAGAGAAGTAC Leu Glu Asp Gln Ala Arg Leu Asn Ser Trp Gly Cys Ala Phe Arg CTACAGGACCAGGCGCGGCTAAATTCATGGGGATGTGCGTTTAGA                                                       1800 Gln Val Cys His Thr Thr Val Pro Trp Val Asn Asp Ser Leu Ala CAAGTCTGCCACACTACTGTACCATGGGTTAATGATTCCTTAGGA Pro Asp Trp Asp Asn Met Thr Trp Gln Glu Trp Glu Lys Gln Val CCTGACTGGGACAATATGACGTGGCAGGAATGGGAAAAACAAGTC Arg Tyr Leu Glu Ala Asn Ile Ser Lys Ser Leu Glu Gln Ala Gln CGCTACCTGGAGGCAAATATCAGTAAAAGTTTAGAACAGGCACAA         1900 ILe Gln Gln Glu Lys Asn Met Tyr Glu Leu Gln Lys Leu Asn Ser ATTCAGCAAGAGAAAAATATGTATGAACTACAAAAATTAAATAGC Trp Asp Ile Phe Gly Asn Trp Phe Asp Leu Thr Ser Trp Val Lys TGGGATATTTTTGGCAATTGGTTTGACTTAACCTCCTGGGTCAAG                      2000 Tyr Ile Gln Tyr Gly Val Leu Ile Ile Val Ala Val Ile Ala Leu TATATTCAATATGGAGTGCTTATAATAGTAGCAGTAATAGCTTTA Arg Ile Val Ile Tyr Val Val Gln Met Leu Ser Arg Leu Arg Lys AGAATAGTGATATATGTAGTACAAATGTTAAGTAGGCTTAGAAAG                                   2100 Gly Tyr Arg Pro Val Phe Ser Ser Pro Pro Gly Tyr Ile Gln *** GGCTATAGGCCTGTTTTCTCTTCCCCCCCCGGTTATATCCAATAG Ile His Ile His Lys Asp Arg Gly Gln Pro Ala Asn Glu Glu Thr ATCCATATCCACAAGGACCGGGGACAGCCAGCCAACGAAGAAACA                                                 2200 Glu Glu Asp Gly Gly Ser Asn Gly Gly Asp Arg Tyr Trp Pro Trp GAAGAAGACGGTGGAAGCAACGGTGGAGACAGATACTGGCCCTGG Pro Ile Ala Tyr Ile His Phe Leu Ile Arg Gln Leu Ile Arg Leu GCGATAGCATATATACATTTCCTGATCCGCCAGCTGATTCGCCTC Leu Thr Arg Leu Tyr Ser Ile Cys Arg Asp Leu Leu Ser Arg Ser TTGACCAGACTATACAGCATCTGCAGGGACTTACTATCCAGGAGC  2300 Phe Leu Thr Leu GIn Leu IIe Tyr GIn Asn Leu Arg Asp Trp Leu TTCCTGACCCTCCAACTCATCTACCAGAATCTCAGAGACTGGCTG Arg Leu Arg Thr Ala Phe Leu Glu Tyr Gly Cys Glu Trp Ile Gln AGACTTAGAACAGCCTTCTTGCAATATGGGTGCGAGTGGATCCAA               2400 Glu Ala Phe Gln Ala Ala Ala Arg Ala Thr Arg Glu Thr Leu Ala GAAGCATTCCAGGCCGCCGCGAGGGCTACAAGAGAGACTCTTGCG Gly Ala Cys Arg Gly Leu Trp Arg Val Leu Glu Arg Ile Gly Arg GGCGCGTGCAGGGGCTTGTGGAGGGTATTGGAACGAATCGGGAGG                             2500 Gly Ile Leu Ala Val Pro Arg Arg Ile Arg Gln Gly Ala Glu Ile GGAATACTCGCGGTTCCAAGAAGGATCAGACAGGGAGCAGAAATC Ala Leu Leu *** Gly Thr Ala Val Ser Ala Gly Arg Leu Tyr Glu GCCCTCCTGTGAGGGACGGCAGTATCAGCAGGGAGACTTTATGAA                                          2600 Tyr Ser Met Glu Gly Pro Ser Ser Arg Lys Gly Glu Lys Phe Val TACTCCATGGAAGGACCCAGCAGCAGAAAGGGAGAAAAATTTGTA Gln Ala Thr Lys Tyr Gly CAGGCAACAAAATATGGA

GAG sequence: Met Gly Ala Arg Asn Ser Val Leu Arg Gly Lys Lys Ala Asp Gla ATGGGCGCGAGAAACTCCGTCTTGAGAGGGAAAAAAGCAGATGAA Leu Glu Arg Ile Arg Leu Arg Pro Gly Gly Lys Lys Lys Tyr Arg TTAGAAAGAATCAGGTTACGGCCCGGCGGAAAGAAAAAGTACAGG Leu Lys His Ile Val Trp Ala Ala Asn Lys Leu Asp Arg Phe Gly CTAAAACATATTGTGTGGGCAGCGAATAAATTGGACAGATTCGGA          100 Leu Ala Glu Ser Leu Leu Glu Ser Lys Glu Gly Cys Gln Lys Ile TTAGCAGAGAGCCTGTTGGAGTCAAAAGAGGGTTGTCAAAAAATT Leu Thr Val Leu Asp Pro Met Val Pro Thr Gly Ser Glu Asn Leu CTTACAGTTTTAGATCCAATGGTACCGACAGGTTCAGAAAATTTA                      200 Lys Ser Leu Phe Asn Thr Val Cys Val Ile Trp Cys Ile His Ala AAAAGTCTTTTTAATACTGTCTGCGTCATTTGGTGCATACAGGCA Glu Glu Lys Val Lys Asp Thr Glu Gly Ala Lys Gln Ile Val Arg GAAGAGAAAGTGAAAGATACTGAAGGAGCAAAACAAATAGTGCGG                                     300 Arg His Leu Val Ala Glu Thr Gly Thr Ala Glu Lys Met Pro Ser AGACATCTAGTGGCAGAAACAGGAACTGCAGAGAAAATGCCAAGG Thr Ser Arg Pro Thr Ala Pro Ser Ser Glu Lys Gly Gly Asn Tyr ACAAGTAGACCAACAGCACCATCTAGCGAGAAGGGAGGAAATTAC                    400 Pro Val Gln His Val Gly Gly Asn Tyr Thr His Ile Pro Leu Ser CCAGTGCAACATGTAGGCGGCAACTACACCCATATACCGCTQAGT Pro Arg Thr Leu Asn Ala Trp Val Lys Leu Val Glu Glu Lys Lys CCCCGAACCCTAAATGCCTGGGTAAAATTAGTAGAGGAAAAAAAG Phe Gly Ala Glu Val Val Pro Gly Phe Gln Ala Leu Ser Glu Gly TTCGGGGCAGAAGTAGTGCCAGGATTTCAGGCACTCTCAGAAGGC   500 Cys Thr Pro Tyr Asp Ile Asn Gln Met Leu Asn Cys Val Gly Asp TGCACGCCCTATGATATCAACCAAATGCTTAATTGTGTGGGCGAC His Gln Ala Ala Met Gln Ile Ile Arg Glu Ile Ile Asn Glu Glu CATCAAGCAGCCATGCAGATAATCAGGGAGATTATCAATGAGGAA                   600 Ala Ala Glu Trp Asp Val Gln His Pro Ile Pro Gly Pro Leu Pro GCAGCAGAATGGGATGTGCAACATCCAATACCAGGCCCCTTACCA                                 700 Thr Ser Thr Val Glu Glu Gln Ile Gln Trp Met Phe Arg Pro Gln ACAAGCACAGTAGAAGAACAGATCCAGTGGATGTTTAGGCCAGAA Asn Pro Val Pro Val Gly Asn Ile Tyr Arg Arg Trp Ile Gln Ile AATCCTGTACCAGTAGGAAACATCTATAGAAGATGGATCCAGATA                                           800 Gly Leu Gln Lys Cys Val Arg Met Tyr Asn Pro Thr Asn Ile Leu GGATTGCAGAAGTGTGTCAGGATGTACAACCCGACCAACATCCTA Asp Ile Lys Gln Gly Pro Lys Glu Pro Phe Gln Ser Tyr Val Asp GACATAAAACAGGGACCAAAGGAGCCGTTCCAAAGCTATGTAGAT                                                         900 Arg Phe Tyr Lys Ser Leu Arg Ala Glu Gln Thr Asp Pro Ala Val AGATTCTACAAAAGCTTGAGGGCAGAACAAACAGATCCAGCAGTG Lys Asn Trp Met Thr Gln Thr Leu Leu Val Gln Asn Ala Asn Pro AAGAATTGGATGACCCAAACACTGCTAGTACAAAATGCCAACCCA Asp Cys Lys Leu Val Leu Lys Gly Leu Gly Met Asn Pro Thr Leu GACTGTAAATTAGTGCTAAAAGGACTAGGGATGAACCCTACCTTA         1000 Glu Glu Met Leu Thr Ala Cys Gln Gly Val Gly Gly Pro Gly Gln GAAGAGATGCTGACCGCCTGTCAGGGGGTAGGTGGGCCAGGCCAG Lys Ala Arg Leu Met Ala Glu Ala Leu Lys Glu Val Ile Gly Pro AAAGCTAGATTAATGGCAGAGGCCCTGAAAGAGGTCATAGGACCT                      1100 Ala Pro Ile Pro Phe Ala Ala Ala Gln Gln Arg Lys Ala Phe Lys GCCCCTATCCCATTCGCAGCAGCCCAGGAGAGAAAGGCATTTAAA Cys Trp Asn Cys Gly Lys Glu Gly His Ser Ala Arg Gln Cys Arg TGCTGGAACTGTGGAAAGGAAGGGCACTCGGCAAGACAATGCCGA                                   1200 Ala Pro Arg Arg Gln Gly Cys Trp Lys Cys Gly Lys Pro Gly His GCACCTAGAAGGCAGGGCTGCTGGAAGTGTGGTAAGCCAGGACAC Ile Met Thr Asn Cys Pro Asp Arg Gln Ala Gly Phe Leu Gly Leu ATCATGACAAACTGCCCAGATAGACAGGCAGGTTTTTTAGGACTG                                                 1300 Gly Pro Trp Gly Lys Lys Pro Arg Asn Phe Pro Val Ala Gln Val GGCCCTTGGGGAAAGAAGCCCCGCAACTTCCCCGTGGCCCAAGTT Pro Gln Gly Leu Thr Pro Thr Ala Pro Pro Val Asp Pro Ala Val CCGCAGGGGCTGACACCAACAGCACCCCCAGTGGATCCAGCAGTG Asp Leu Leu Glu Lys Tyr Met Gln Gln Gly Lys Arg Gln Arg Glu GATCTACTGGAGAAATATATGCAGCAAGGGAAAAGACAGAGAGAG  1400 Gln Arg Glu Arg Pro Tyr Lys Glu Val Thr Glu Asp Leu Leu His CAGAGAGAGAGACCATACAAGGAAGTGACAGAGGACTTACTGCAC Leu Glu Gln Gly Glu Thr Pro Tyr Arg Glu Pro Pro Thr Glu Asp CTCGAGCAGGGGGAGACACCATACAGGGAGCCACCAACAGAGGAC                1500 Leu Leu His Leu Asn Ser Leu Phe Gly Lys Asp Gln TTGCTGCACCTCATTTCTCTCTTTGGAAAAGACCAG

Example 5

Peptide Sequences Encoded By the ENV and GAG Sequences

The following coding regions for antigenic peptides, identified by nucleotide numbers within the gene sequences of Example 4, are of particular interest.

env1 (1735-1809)

Val Thr Ala Ile Glu Lys Tyr Leu Glu Asp Gln Ala GTCACTGCTATAGAGAAGTAGCTACAGGACCAGGCG Arg Leu Asn Ser Trp Gly Cys Ala Phe Arg Gln Val CGCCTAAATTCATGGGGATGTGCGTTTAGACAAGTC                           1800 Cys TGC env2 (1912-1983) Ser Lys Ser Leu Glu Gln Ala Gln Ile Gln Gln Glu AGTAAAAGTTTAGAACAGGCACAAATTCAGCAAGAG                          1940 Lys Asn Met Tyr Glu Leu Gln Lys Leu Asn Ser Trp AAAAATATGTATGAACTACAAAAATTAAATAGCTGG env3 (1482-1530) Pro Thr Lys Glu Lys Arg Tyr Ser Ser Ala His Gly CCTACAAAAGAAAAAAGATACTCCTCTGCTCACGGG               1500 Arg His Thr Arg AGACATACAAGA env4 (55-129) Cys Thr Gln Tyr Val Thr Val Phe Tyr Gly Val Pro TGCACCCAATATGTAACTGTTTTCTATGGCGTACCC Thr Trp Lys Asn Ala Thr Ile Pro Leu Phe Cys Ala Thr ACGTGGAAAAATGCAACCATTCCCCTGTTTTGTGCA ACC        100 env5 (175-231) Asp Asp Tyr Gln Glu Ile Thr Leu Asn Val Thr Glu GATGATTATCAGGAAATAACTTTGAATGTAACAGAG                        200 Ala Phe Asp Ala Trp Asn Asn GCTTTTGATGCATGGAATAAT env6 (274-330) Glu Thr Ser Ile Lys Pro Cys Val Lys Leu Thr Pro GAGACATCAATAAAACCATGTGTGAAACTAACACCT                         300 Leu Cys Val Ala Met Lys Cys TTATGTGTAGCAATGAAATGC env7 (607-660) Asn His Cys Asn Thr Ser Val Ile Thr Glu Ser Cys AACCATTGCAACACATCAGTCATCACAGAATCATGT  610 Asp Lys His Tyr Trp Asp GACAAGCACTATTGGGAT env8 (661-720) Ala Ile Arg Phe Arg Tyr Cys Ala Pro Pro Gly Tyr GCTATAAGGTTTAGATACTGTGCACCACGGGGTTAT Ala Leu Leu Arg Cys Asn Asp Thr GCCCTATTAAGATGTAATGATACC  700 env9 (997-1044) Lys Arg Pro Arg Gln Ala Trp Cys Trp Phe Lys Gly AAAAGACCCAGACAAGCATGGTGCTGGTTCAAAGGC 1000 Lys Trp Lys Asp AAATGGAAAGAC env10 (1132-1215) Lys Gly Ser Asp Pro Glu Val Ala Tyr Met Trp Thr AAAGGCTCAGACCCAGAAGTAGCATACATGTGGACT Asa Cys Arg Gly Glu Phe Leu Tyr Cys Asn Met Thr AACTGCAGAGGAGAGTTTCTCTACTGCAACATGACT                              1200 Trp Phe Leu Asn TGGTTCCTCAAT env11 (1237-1305) Arg Asn Tyr Ala Pro Cys His Ile Lys Gln Ile Ile CGCAATTATGCACCGTGCCATATAAAGCAAATAATT Asn Thr Trp His Lys Val Gly Arg Asn Val Tyr AACACATGGCATAAGGTAGGGAGAAATGTATAT                         1300 gag1 (991-1053) Asp Cys Lys Leu Val Leu Lys Gly Leu Gly Met Asn GACTGTAAATTAGTGCTAAAAGOACTAGGGATGAAC       1000 Pro Thr Leu Glu Glu Met Leu Thr Ala CCTACCTTAGAAGAGATGCTGACCGCC

Of the foregoing peptides, env1, env2, env3 and gag1 are particularly contemplated for diagnostic purposes, and env4, env5, env6, env7, env8, env9, env10 and env11 are particularly contemplated as protecting agents. The foregoing peptides can be synthesized by conventional protein synthesis techniques, such as that of Merrifield.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the processes and 

What is claimed is:
 1. A peptide consisting of the following amino acid sequence: Val Thr Ala Ile Glu Lys Tyr Leu Glu Asp Gln Ala Arg Leu Asn Ser Trp Gly Cys Ala Phe Arg Gln Val Cys, wherein said peptide constitutes a env1 peptide of HIV-2.
 2. A peptide consisting of the following amino acid sequence: (a) Val Thr Ala Ile Glu Lys Tyr Leu Glu Asp Gln Ala Arg Leu Asn Ser Trp Gly Cys Ala Phe Arg Gln Val Cys, and (b) corresponding peptides of an env1 peptide of an HIV-2 virus selected from the group of HIV-2 viruses deposited at the COLLECTION NATIONALE DES CULTURES DE MICRO-ORGANISMES (CNCM) under No. I-502, No. I-532, No. I-642, and No. I-643, wherein said corresponding peptide is 25 amino acids in length, and is encoded by nucleotides 1735-1809 of the env1 gene, wherein said numbering scheme is based upon the prototypical HIV-2 isolate ROD.
 3. A recombinant or synthetic peptide comprising the following amino acid sequence: Val Thr Ala Ile Glu Lys Tyr Leu Glu Asp Gln Ala Arg Leu Asn Ser Trp Gly Cys Ala Phe Arg Gln Val Cys, wherein said peptide constitutes a env1 peptide of HIV-2.
 4. A recombinant or synthetic peptide comprising a peptide consisting of the following amino acid sequence: (a) Val Thr Ala Ile Glu Lys Tyr Leu Glu Asp Gln Ala Arg Leu Asn Ser Trp Gly Cys Ala Phe Arg Gln Val Cys and (b) corresponding peptides of an env1 peptide of an HIV-2 virus selected from the group of HIV-2 viruses deposited at the COLLECTION NATIONALE DES CULTURES DE MICRO-ORGANISMES (CNCM) under No. I-502, No. I-532, No. I-642, and No. I-643, wherein said corresponding peptide is 25 amino acids in length, and is encoded by nucleotides 1735-1809 of the env1 gene, wherein said numbering scheme is based upon the prototypical HIV-2 isolate ROD.
 5. A method of assaying for the presence of anti-HIV-2 antibodies in a body fluid sample comprising the following steps: (a) admixing a body fluid sample with a peptide of any one of claims 1-4; (b) allowing the antigen and the anti-HIV-2 antibodies present in the body fluid sample to form an antigen-antibody immune complex; (c) detecting the presence of anti-HIV-2 antibodies in said antigen-antibody immune complex; and (d) comparing the antigen-antibody immune complex results with at least one HIV-2 negative or positive sample as a control.
 6. The method according to claim 5, further comprising detecting the antigen-antibody immune complex with a labeled antibody that binds to the anti-HIV-2 antibodies present in the antigen-antibody immune complex.
 7. A diagnostic kit for detecting the presence or absence of anti-HIV-2 antibodies, comprising: a) at least one peptide of HIV-2 selected from the peptides of any one of claims 1-4, wherein the peptide is present in an amount sufficient to perform said detection; b) at least one reagent for detecting the formation of an immune complex between at least one peptide and anti-HIV-2 antibodies; and c) at least one vial or container for use in a diagnostic kit.
 8. The diagnostic kit according to claim 7, further comprising a labeled reagent for the detection of an antigen-antibody immune complex.
 9. The method according to claim 6, wherein at least one assay chosen from immunofluorescence assays, radioimmunoassays, and Western Blot tests is used to detect the presence of anti-HIV-2 antibodies in said antigen-antibody immune complex. 